Question 1: In what ways does your media product use, develop or challenge forms and conventions of real media products?

Question 7: Looking back at your preliminary task, what do you feel you have learnt in your progression from it to the full product?

In my preliminary task, I failed to create a solid and effective script, which is something I was able to change between the preliminary task and the main project. For my preliminary task, to say there was little planning would be an understatement, as there was effectively no planning involved. My group and I simply had one or two discussions about ideas and then proceeded to film the scenes, which is the main reason as to why the preliminary task was a failure. These failures, however, allowed me to see what I had done wrong, and then build upon those things to ensure that all planning for the main project was thorough. During the editing process, the job of editor was left to one of my group members, with little to no input or help from anyone else in the group, a factor which I was able to alter during my main project. The best thing about my preliminary task was the feedback I received from my classmates, as this was the main basis for improvement which I later applied to my main project. one area which remained constant from the preliminary task to the main project is teamwork, or rather, the lack of it. for the preliminary task, i effectively threw an idea down,and everyone in the group accepted it, without question, so there was a lac of creativity and deviation which could have potentially improved out preliminary sequence.

Question 4: Who would be the audience for your media product?

Given the fact that my film is based around the Action, Thriller and Science Fiction genres, I would target people who are roughly between the ages of 16 and 25. My reasoning for this is that people of between these ages visit cinemas more often that people of any other age, which also links in with my choice of target gender - Male. generally Males visit cinemas more often than females, and therefore it would make sense to tailor my film for and gear it towards Males rather than females, as there would be more potential revenue from this gender. Because my film is in english, the nationality of the audience is fairly elastic, as a high proportion of the world population speak fluent english which benefits me greatly, as again the potential revenue of my film will be higher than a film in italian, for example. I would suggest that people who would enjoy my film would be the kinds of people who visit smaller independent cinemas and who regularly attend film festivals and have a fairly high expertise of independent film rather than people who visit multiplex cinemas, as my film is nowhere near the quality of box office hits such as "Avatar" or "Skyfall".


I know that my film is very niche, and therefore will not attract the mass audiences that films such as "Skyfall" did.

Narrative

A narrative structure is defined as the order in which a narrative is presented to the viewer.
The narrative structure of a film can be divided into five sections: the equalibrium point, the...

Question 2: How does your media product represent particular social groups?

In my film, there are four main individuals: two scientists, one shadowy figure (who is the boss of a criminal organisation) and finally one courier (hired by the boss of the criminal organisation to retrieve a serum). I feel that the boss of the criminal organisation could stand to represent one of two sectors of society; upper-class, or lower-middle class, which could create a sense of controversy. my reasoning for stating that he could represent the upper classes is odd, in that i feel he doesn't necessarily represent the people themselves, or as a group, but he can be used to represent their desires and resources, such as the desire to gain more power, material items, the money they have, and the inferior people which tasks can be delegated to, which is reminiscent of people in our society such as government ministers, corporate bosses, CEO's and so on. in regards to the scientists in the film, we tried to go for a simple, stereotypical look (white lab coat, protective goggles etc...), to help the audience identify the type of character they will be dealing with as quick as possible. of course, we decided to set the scenes involving the scientists in a science lab, to further reinforce the stereotype, and with that, the representation. now, the actor chosen to portray the boss of the criminal organisation. he is tall, with a deep clear voice, with an undertone of frustration about him, which allowed him to fit the role almost perfectly, and therefore only enriched the representation. generally, people of high status in our society dress smart (suit and tie) and are looked up to for their vast wealth, intellect, and of course - power.

Question 3: What kind of media institution might distribute your media product and why?

My film is based on three genre's, as you will have found out in my answer to question one, perhaps the most noticeable of the three is science fiction, which is why I have identified "Hammer Films" as my production company as they have experience producing not only science fiction films, but also thriller films, which is another of my focus genre's. Below are a few examples of thriller films produced by Hammer Films.

Nightmare (1964).
Hysteria (1965).
Fear in the Night (1972).

The Curse of Frankenstein was a horror/ science fiction film produced by Hammer Films.

I have chosen Entertainment Films as my distributor, purely because they have a lot of experience with the distribution of science fiction films. "DREDD", "Apollo 18" and "Mutant Chronicles" are some examples of films distributed by Entertainment Films.

Fig 1. "Apollo 18" Official Film Trailer.




My film could be released in smaller, independent cinemas, and it could be made available to watch either on youtube or as a digital download on one of many other video sharing websites.

Opening Seaquence Analysis: The Expendables 2

Editing style and features: cutting between shot in the opening two minutes of this film are very frequent, and allow the audience to build up a bigger picture of the setting, the scenario, and the characters that play a key role in the plot. A high proportion of the editing directs the audiences attention to two specific groups of people in this title sequence, the expendables (squad of highly trained mercenaries) and an unidentified man (restrained in the centre of a dark room and with a burlap sack covering his head) surrounded by a militia force (who are holding him captive). The editing between these shots shows the link between the two (the restrained man is clearly a person who is the goal of the operation, and the expendables who are there to achieve that objective), this is a form of parallel editing, in which two different scenes are inter cut to create a sense of tension among the audience, and these cuts generally lead to the two scenes coming together, (the climax of the sequence) which is where the majority of the action in said sequence will take place.

Credits and text: there is some text at the beginning of the sequence, which is the location of the compound in the frame. Aldo, as the mercenaries are crusading through the compound, the words “BAD ATTITUDE” and “COMING SOON” can be seen on the side and rear of their vehicles. This ads a slightly comedic tone to the rather brutal action sequence (one of the best I have seen, I may add) and is everything you would expect from the powerful and well humoured mercenary characters portrayed by Jason Statham, Sylvester Stallone, Jet Li, Dolph Lundgren and others.

Camera movement and framing: right at the beginning, we have the first of two establishing shots in this opening sequence. There is a compound in this shot, which appears to be either an oil refinery or some form of military compound. This shot sets the scene for this sequence, giving the audience a sense of what kinds of things to expect from they following scenes, and certain conventions within the Action genre can be portrayed by different settings – this setting would conjure up images of military spec weaponry and armament, military vehicles, gunfights and high precision kills, among other things, whereas an oil refinery would suggest large explosions, lots of fire, scientists, oil spoils and so on. Also the framing of the establishing shot can alter the way in which the audience perceive the setting, and in this particular sequence, the framing of the establishing shot seems to suggest that someone is looking over the compound to find any weak spots (over watch), and this idea is re-enforces when we see the mercenaries cascading over the top of a hill towards the compound in their military vehicles, as if to suggest they have found a gap in the patrol route which could make the operation run a little more smooth.

Mise-en-scene: most of the Mise-en-scene, if not all, is what you would typically expect from a film of the Action genre – things like soldiers, helicopters, tanks, small arms, explosions, flames, military related activity, fast vehicles, collisions and of course - glorious death.

Sound, dialogue & music: most of the sound in this sequence is diegetic (the source of the sound is visible on screen) –the sound of a tank driving past, the sounds of women and children hurrying to evade the military force, the sounds of the gate being opened and closed etc. also, with the arrival of the mercenaries arrive comes the sound of the machine gun mounted on the top of Stallone’s’ vehicle and operated by Statham, the sound of terry crews firing a man portable rocket launcher. Also the sounds of the mercenaries’ vehicles tearing through the pathways inside this compound, along with their speech to one another.

Introduce characters: there is a man being driven through the afore mentioned military compound in an open-topped vehicle, this combined with his body language and the way that all of the civilians flee desperately when the vehicle drives past suggests that he is a high ranking military officer, or perhaps the head of a militia/ guerrilla force. The man who is restrained inside the dark room inside the compound is only identified as Trench (Arnold Schwarzenegger) slightly later in this opening sequence, and he is either one of the mercenaries, or is closely linked to them. Barney Ross (Sylvester Stallone), Lee Christmas (Jason Statham), Yin Yang (Jet Li), Gunnar Jensen (Dolph Lundgren), Hale Caesar (Terry Crews) and Toll Road (Randy Couture) are one of the main focuses of this opening sequence, and they are seen hurtling over a hill and downwards toward the compound, in the typical style, as one would know if one had seen the first expendables film.

Indicate genre: this film is perhaps one of the most stereotypical action films in existence, largely due to the fact that it includes top actors who regularly perform in films of the action genre. People such as Bruce Willis - who plays Church, Chuck Norris - who plays Booker, and Jean-Claude Van Damme - who plays the main antagonist of the film.

Iconography:

Enigma: someone of high importance or value to the people who the mercenaries are contracted to, or the mercenaries themselves, is being held hostage inside some form of military compound, and it is up to the mercenaries to get him out.

Props & sets:

Star casting: Sylvester Stallone, Jason Statham, Jean-Claude Van Damme, Jet Li, Dolph Lundgren, Chuck Norris, Bruce Willis, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Terry Crews, Randy Couture, Liam Hemsworth

Opening Credits Analysis

Here is the common order in which opening credits will appear on screen.

Firstly, the name of the studio that is distributing the film will appear. this may or may not be the same company that produced the film. Walt Disney Pictures, Columbia, Lions Gate, Universal, Marvel Studios, Dimension, Miramax are all examples of well known and successful distribution companies.
The next peice of information that generally appears on screen is the name of the production company. This is the name of the company that actually made the film or name of the investment groups or companies that financed a substantial part of the film, usually in the form of "in association with" or "A 20th Century Fox production" for example.
Then we have the name of the producer and the director. for example, "a film by Quentin Tarantino" or "a Quentin Tarantino film".   
Now we move on to principal actors. Sometimes the stars' and director's credits will be reversed, depending on the star's deal with the studio.
then comes the name of the film, and then some other, less important credits. things such as featured actors, casting director, composer of music, production designer etc.

Below is the title sequence from the film "Catch me if you can" by steven speilberg, whic i have used as a focalpoint for this analysis.
 
 

Short Film Analysis Task: Coming Of Age

Coming of Age.     Rated *****

What is the story about?

A boy suddenly finds himself facing huge responsibilities in a dangerous, dystopian world. He must overcome his fears and face his enemies to save the people he loves.

Who is the main character?

A young boy in a brutal, post-apocalyptic world.

What is their objective - what do they want?

To overcome his fears and face his enemies to save the people he loves.

What is the conflict in the narrative?

the young boy must decide whether he should stay with his ill sister in their hideout, or to go out

in search of help, weapons, medicine and supplies, and the decision he makes has him taking

his life into his own hands, and has some dire consequences.

Describe the opening 2 minutes - what happens, any interesting shots and edits.

Really fast fade in to a scene of the main character running away from something, then quickly

fades to black.

Fades back in again, and includes some really cool flashes, similar to that of lightning, which

creates a sense of unrest in my mind, i saw these flashes, and wanted to see what the source of

them was, or to see what they represented.

The camera is fairly out of focus, and extremely shaky. from this fact, and also that it is following

the main character (from a side on position), i can safely say that the camera is being operated

by a single person, with no aids like Steadicam, just plain old handheld, to give a sense of

realism to the shot, making it seem like a real life event that actually happened, rather than a

short film.

It then fades from a black and white scene of the main character running to a block of black, at

which point the title, “Coming of Age”, appears.

We are then thrust back into a running scene, but this time the camera is positioned to the rear

right of the main character, in a medium shot position, and at a extremely canted angle, which

is very disorienting, and it took my eyes a little time to adjust to the angle. I think the shot is

excellent, as it is tough to watch initially, but is also very visually interesting because of that fact.

then the scene fades out to white for a fraction of a second, then immediately fades into the next scene, another running scene, but back to the long shot, side on position.

It then proceeds to cut through several various shots, including a close up of the characters feet

as he is running. This super fast sequence of shots is very interesting to watch, as you only get

to see each individual shot of the sequence for a split second before it changes to the next one,

and so could be compared to a montage, as it shows the character is covering a lot of distance, as the scenery is different for each shot in the scene, even though they are all shot in some sort of Common or Heath area.Fade out to black, then we fade into an extremely pale shade of blue, which subtly changes to the sky of the next sequence, in which feathers begin to fall from the sky. Fade to black, and the words “SUMMER 2035” appear on the screen,showing that some time has passed between the first sequence, and the next sequence. Close up of boys face, he appears to be upset about something, then we move to an extreme

close up of his face from the right side of his face, as he wipes a tear. We then move to a

medium long shot of the boy, standing next to a shovel.

We then move on to a medium shot of the boy unzipping his jacket and retrieving a feather,

the same kind that was previously falling from the sky, and placing it on a makeshift grave, in a

close up of his right arm and his legs, as he bends to place the feather.

Then we revert to the long shot, and the boy proceeds to walk away from the makeshift grave,

toward the left of the shot, until he exits the cameras view.

We then cut to a very dingy looking, run down old country house, which appears to be in the

middle of nowhere, as the camera zooms toward the main building, at which point the boy

enters the shot from behind the cameras position, as the camera continues to zoom.

On the 2 minute mark, we cut to some excellent match on action, as we just saw the boy

walking slightly toward the right, to turn the corner, then we cut to a position around the corner,

and we can see him about to make said turn.

In my opinion, this is an excellent piece of film. it engaged almost all of my emotions. it was

a tough piece to watch, but it was well worth it. especially the scene in the abandoned house

where the young boy is inches away from his one of the men who is trying to kill him, and when

he finally stabs the man, my heart was pounding like a drum. This piece of film is intense,

better than most mainstream film i have seen throughout my lifetime.

also, when the second attacker picks up the boys satchel and stares at him, contemplating

whether or not to attack him, the camera focuses on the teddy bear which the boy picked up,

and then we see a close up of the attackers face, and you can see the guilt on his face as he

takes the boys supplies, but leaves without killing him. that is a big emotionally touching part of

the film, toward the end.

Opening Seaquence Analysis: Superhero Movie

Editing style & features:

Credits & text:

Camera movement & framing: there is a variety of Mise-en-scene in this opening sequence.things such as a schoolbus, a variety of other vehicles, people, things such as shops etc. one of the characters is holding a drinks container in the shape of an Ipod, and he has two bluetooth headsets in his ears. also, he is using a laptop and a video recording device, aswell as a none hair trimmer. the jocks are playing with an american football, the nerds are shown playing with some form of handheld video gameing device, the comically named "Frodos" are holding some form of stick or staff, and the "Scarface society" are holding assault rifles.

Mise-en-scene: the music suits the film very well. it is similar to what you would expect from a science-fiction, superhero or action-adventure film, but it takes a more exaggerated form, which lends itself to the comical nature of this superhero spoof.

Sound, dialogue & music:

Introduce characters:

Indicate genre:

Enigma:

Props & sets:

Opening Sequence Analysis: Boardwalk Empire

Editing style & features: there are some occasional slow motion shots, which help to emphasise the power of the waves when they wash onto the shore, and also when they crash into some large rocks just off-shore. there is a fairly short montage/ time lapse involving the clouds passing overhead faster than usual, which makes me feel as if some time is passing between the scene before the time lapse, and the scene after. this time lapse also helps to fill some time in the title sequence, and gives the audience a short moment to conjure up some ideas as to what will happen next. there is a close up on the characters eyes (who I presume is the main character  protagonist of this series), and then a cut to a large number of bottles of what I presume to be bootleg alcohol (given that the series is based around prohibition era America) . these two shots placed on after the other show that the character has acknowledged the bottles, and either one of two things: either he caused this to happen and then proceeds to leave the scene to inform his peers of his success, or that an enemy of his caused this act, which resulted in a large shipment of bootleg alcohol being lost, at which point he proceeds to leave the scene, locate the culprit, and eventually exact his revenge for this attack on his trade.

Credits & text: the credits are placed either on the opposite side of the screen to the main feature of the scene, or they are centre screen, and the action of the scene passes over or by them. a good example of this is first at 0:06, where the waves recede back from the shore revealing the name of the actor who portrays the main character of the series, "Steve Buscemi", an then at 0:32, where the name "Vincent Piazza" is displayed on the left portion of the screen, opposite Steve Buscemi's face.

Camera movement & framing: the framing of the shots in this title sequence up until 0:52 give it an air of mystery, as up until this time, we don't get to see the full face of the man in the sequence, but rather just a section of his face, or his eyes, or the rear of his head, which is one of the things that drew me into wanting to watch the whole title sequence, I wanted to see who this guy was, to identify him, and to see if i had seen him in other films. at the 0:52 mark, we as the audience can finally identify the man in the sequence (Steve Buscemi) and the way in which the camera manoeuvres around him almost glorifies him, and helps to present him as someone to be both respected and feared. the camera is placed at a slightly lower level than that of Buscemi's face, and it orbits him from his left cheek to his right cheek, at the same time the time lapse is in full swing, complete with changes in lighting and weather, making for a really powerful scene.

Mise-en-scene: there are three main focuses of the Mise-en-scene in this title sequence: The main character  the crashing waves, and the bottles of bootleg alcohol.

Sound, dialogue & music: the music in this title sequence seems to be of the Country & Western genre. to me, it suits the scenery of this sequence almost perfectly. it is fairly calm (which suits the scenery - a beach on a bright, sunny day), and is very light and open. it bring images of the good times into my mind, days when life was good, everything was going well, family and friends, having fun, being together, that happy feeling when everything is in one's favour, and there are no worries. but it also has a stronger tone to it, which allows this piece of music to be applied throughout the entire sequence, even the scenes in which the lighting is dull and the clouds are bleak, therefore making it an excellent, well rounded piece of music.

Introduce characters: there is a man in a suit, and given the genre and time in which the film is set, I can safely presume that the man is involved in organised crime, and the scenes in which what seems to be bottles of bootleg alcohol floating in the sea reinforce this presumption. The character's stature and gait suggest he is a top ranking Mafioso. this man is portrayed by Steve Buscemi.

Indicate genre: the suit, combined with the hat, the fancy Italian brogues, the rose, and the bootleg alcohol are all common conventions of crime dramas set in prohibition era America. records suggest that contrary to the violent nature of the Mafia, the men involved were well respected  and enjoyed the finer things in life, which ties in with the backing track of this title sequence. the music seems typical of america in the 1920's as it is fairly refined and well constructed, much like the Mafioso themselves.

Iconography: the man in the suit can be seen to represent many things, typical to this genre, the time in which it is set, an to the idea of a man dressed in a suit: Mafioso typically dressed in suits and were well respected among the corrupt upper classes in several american states during the prohibition, they were very formal, even in the way they dealt with those foolish enough to stand in their way, they were honourable - only killing someone of they felt they deserved it, but they would tend not to take someone's life if said person had done nothing to prevent them from carrying out their operations. they ha access to vast amounts of money,and were constantly in the process of generating more through various types of protection rackets, rug smuggling operations, phone tapping among other things, and with this unrivalled money generating capability and the classically refined yet ruthless nature of the Mafioso  they were both feared and respected by many, and with that respect came huge amounts of  power.
                                       
                                  

Coursework: Group Project.

Today I managed to complete the storyboard for our opening sequence  and am in the process of creating the costume list, location list and props list, as well as a list of potential cast and crew, and I am also devising the risk assessment for our group. I hope to create a focus group and some questionnaires as soon as possible, of which the focus group shall be videoed (with their permission), and then uploaded to this blog and my group blog, as well as our production meeting footage.

Group Project: Rough Cut Of Final Idea

Roles

-Leader of the organisation
-Driver
-Henchmen Boss
-Henchman 1
-Henchman 2
-Guy watching the scientists
-Scientist 1
-Scientist 2


[Storyline]

-inside a science laboratory, three scientists are working on a special formula
{wearing lab coats and lab goggles}

-scientist 1 writes up some calculations before saying  "I think I've cracked it" 

-retrieves a vial of black liquid from a the store room and adds a drop to the main formula vial.

-formula is finished. 

-sound of a car pulling up outside the laboratory causes the scientists to get into a panic

-scientists carefully put it into 3 vials and put those into a foam lined briefcase.

-close up of man getting out of car outside lab [close up of door opening, and feet hitting the floor]

-scientist 1 hands the guy the briefcase.

-exits via the rear of the building with the briefcase, leaving the scientists in the lab.

-shots of the guy walking calmly away from the building.

-cut away to the lab where two men proceed to detain the two scientists.
 a third man enters the building and says to the scientists  "where is it" 

-one of the scientists replies  "its gone" 

-third man whips out his mobile phone [with credits on screen]

-calls a number and says  "its not here" 

-cut away to guy on other end of phone (boss)  "well...you had better find it"  [shot of only the lower quarter of face and mobile phone]

-cut back to the lab. third man says "lets go. bring one with you, deal with the other" put potato sack on the first scientist head, 
 take him outside, and put him in the back of the car, then go back into the lab, shoot the other scientist
 then return to the car, and proceed to drive away.

-camera behind car as it turns the corner

-match on action of the briefcase guy coming round the corner [front view]

-fade back into the scientist walking down a street, mid-afternoon/ evening, with the briefcase in hand

-proceeds to turn down an alleyway and walks a few meters,
 at which point he looks behind him and sees the silhouette of a man in a hat behind him.

-he turns his head back and sees the silhouette of another man in a hat  {so he is effectively trapped}.

-he stops and begins to asses his options, at which point the two men begin to walk towards him.

-the scientist begins to panic, and drops the briefcase onto the floor, revealing the three vials.

-the men in suits and hats increase their pace towards the scientist as he desperately tries to pick up the vials 
 and place them back into the briefcase.

-final shot. an Ariel view of the two men in suits on either side of the scientist [one in front, one behind].

Audience: Research Into Potential Target Audience.

From my research (both online and through asking people), I have found that the target audience of my chosen genre (action/ thriller) depends on what type of action film it is, and how much of a role the thriller component plays. action films like Mission Impossible III and The Matrix are aimed at a slightly older audience, from the ages of about 22 and up, and more towards the male population -- with the extensive action sequences, male protagonists, scenes of mild and intense violence etc… Generally, most other action films are geared towards the young male adolescent age group, because, younger males tend to like action films more than their female counterparts. Just like Romance films are geared towards women because they react to romance better than men do. many hybrid thriller films target an age group of between 16 and 25 years old. Thriller audiences consist more of a male skew, but this differs with hybrid genres. Horror thrillers, action thrillers and political thrillers such as 'Enemy of the state and Deja Vu (2006)' have a male skew. this is because men are drawn into films with more action, more-so than women. Horror and action thrillers have a younger audience of 16-25 as they are more exciting for this age group.

Institution.

Distribution is the process of which the distribution branch of the film industry receives films from film makers and is responsible for organising when and where the film will be shown, and where it will be sold upon its release on DVD disc.


Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, commonly known as MGM, is an American media company, involved primarily in the production and distribution of films and television programs. Once the largest and most glamorous of film studios, MGM was founded in 1924 when the entertainment entrepreneur Marcus Loew gained control of Metro Pictures, Goldwyn Pictures Corporation and Louis B. Mayer Pictures. Its headquarters is in Beverly Hills, California.
On November 3, 2010, MGM filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. MGM emerged from bankruptcy on December 20, 2010, at which time the executives of Spyglass Entertainment, Gary Barber and Roger Birnbaum, became co-Chairmen and co-CEOs of the holding company of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. 

some examples of sucessful films distributed by MGM are:
Casino Royale (2006).
Red Dawn (1984).
Rocky V (1990).
The Silence Of The Lambs (1991).

Preliminary Seaquence Evaluation.

My "Fed The Fishes" Preliminary task went rather well, there are a few strong points about it, but there are many more weak points, and areas for improvement, all of which will be taken into consideration in the pre-production and production stages of my main piece.
There was a fair amount of humour in my "Fed The Fishes" task, and the people who viewed the sequence said that although this was a good thing, it did not make up for the amount of flaws with the sequence, which I will outline later on in this blog.
there are a whole host of problems with my preliminary task, and also a few potential areas for improvement. one of these problems is the quality of the actors which I used during the filming process, which was pretty poor to be honest. I had a tight schedule to follow, and a minimal amount of time to get all of the filming done,  and so I decided to use the members of my group as actors, in order to get the task done by  the deadline, a little over a week after starting the task. I no know that this was a bad decision, and should have found the time to look for students with a higher degree of acting skill, in order to create a quality piece of film, which is something I can apply to my main piece, and make sure that is as good as possible.
another way in which I went wrong on this task was the position of the camera. because I did not have a wide angle lens for the camera we used, we filmed almost everything with the camera tilted sideways by 90 degrees to fit the all the elements of the shots in. what we didn't realise at the time is that it would be impossible to shift the framing around and keep the shots the same size when it came to the editing stage, which meant that not all of the shot could be seen on the vertical axis, and that there were thick black borders on either side of the shot. so from that problem, i know that when filming our main piece  the camera needs to be kept in its upright position in order to be able to edit as quickly as possible, and without experiencing too many problems.

Genre: The Codes And Conventions Of My Film.

My Chosen Genre Is Action Thriller.

The certificate of action films usually ranges between certificate 12 and certificate 18, with the aim of maximising youth audiences as much as possible.the action genre is often hybridised with Sci Fi, Adventure, and Thriller Genres, some of which work fairly well (V For Vendetta, is an example of this. the  fusion of the two genre's is almost faultless in this film), and some dont.
Major studios usually produce and distribute action films, and often most of the action hybrid genres of film. these types of films almost always have high production values including CGI effects. the editing of these type of films is generally fast paced, to re-inforce the sense of action. Action films generally have a predictable chain of events – cause and effect, however with the inclusion of thriller, these predictable events can become more spontaneous, adding to the structure of the film. A single stranded, linear, closed narrative is mostly used, where the protagonist is effected by the actions of the antagonist, usually there is a main fight scene towards the end of the film, at which point order is restored, or justice is served.
most of the non-diegetic sound used in the film is dramatic, and kind of seperateds the film from the real world, but not so much as to suggest it be a SCI-Fi or Fantasy film, as it still retains most of the elements of a real life situation, but is generally exaggerated quite a bit.
More narrative action codes than enigma codes are used.
Star Marketing: Audience identification/expectations (Cruise/ Pitt/ Willis/ Jolie/ Stallone/ Craig/ Schwarzenegger etc...Romantic sub-plot, Humorous dialogue Relationships with new technology whic would appeal to the lower end of the target audience - youth audiences.
Use of close up/Insert shots/High Key Lighting
Dominant representation of gender: male/female action hero.

 

Here is an extract from the film "V for Vendetta".